GEO outside China

GEO for Google AI Overviews and AI Mode, ChatGPT search, Perplexity and Bing Copilot. Crawling, content and measurement basics are the same in both markets; see "Shared groundwork" below.

How the two markets differ

Aspect	Outside China	China
Main platforms	Google AI Overviews and AI Mode, ChatGPT search, Perplexity, Bing Copilot	Doubao, DeepSeek, Yuanbao, Qwen, Kimi, ERNIE; AI search inside WeChat, Xiaohongshu and Douyin
Where sources come from	Google's AI features build on its search index; a page has to be indexable first	Each favours its own ecosystem; few sources are shared across platforms
Platform data	Search Console and Bing report AI feature performance	Platforms offer almost no visibility data
How to measure	Sampling still needed; platform reports cover only their own product	API and app results can be opposite; sample in the real apps
Rules	Google's spam policies, the US FTC rule on fake reviews	Qinglang campaign, AI content labeling, GEO group standards
Evidence in this wiki	173 claims: Officially documented 172 · Observed in practice 1	35 claims: Officially documented 12 · Observed in practice 23

Most claims for this market rest on the platforms' own documentation; what AI answers actually cite is still mostly observed in practice.

Entries specific to markets outside China

Shared groundwork

These apply in both markets: crawler access, rendering, measurement method and checks of common claims.

Compare: China